tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42792355722535938502023-12-22T08:20:47.321-05:00Florida IPA blog by a software engineer turned registered patent attorney and litigator in Tampa, Florida following interesting developments in patents, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property in the Middle District of FloridaWoodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.comBlogger199125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-74147462087338252582020-05-06T15:44:00.000-04:002020-05-06T15:44:59.176-04:00Does the COVID Crisis Warrant Ex Parte Relief to Address Price Gouging under Trademark Theories?Yes, with some reluctance.<br />
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3M, the well-known manufacturer of n95 masks, has filed a number of lawsuits throughout the country asserting trademark claims against defendants who are offering to sell to the government and others "3M" masks at extremely elevated prices. 3M asserts claims for trademark infringement, false advertising, dilution, among others. Part of the harm 3M argues is that, aside from the defendants not being authorized to sell 3M products, 3M does not want to be associated with allegations of price gouging during this crisis.<br />
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To that end, 3M sought a temporary restraining order against such a seller in the Middle District. After noting that hundreds of millions of dollars that 3M has invested in advertising its products under the 3M brand, the Court granted the <i>ex parte</i> relief:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Based on the evidence discussed above, Plaintiff has established a likelihood of success on the merits. Also based on those filings, it is clear that irreparable injury will be suffered if Plaintiff’s goodwill is injured due to Defendant’s price gouging and sale of either fraudulent PPE that is either below industry quality standards or that does not exist. Further, the Court places specific importance on the fact that if these fraudulent masks are sold, the public––likely healthcare workers––may be given PPE that is faulty, and therefore, expose them to COVID-19 and put their lives at risk. That potential harm obviously constitutes irreparable harm to 3M’s goodwill, but especially to the public. And, keeping that possibility from occurring, at least until the Court has the opportunity to further address these issues, outweighs any potential harm to Defendant and is certainly serving the public interest. </blockquote>
The Court did note some hesitation with handling this ex parte:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Court notes that it does have certain misgivings about whether Plaintiff met its burden regarding the propriety of <i>ex parte</i> relief here. The TRO’s argument regarding <i>ex parte</i> relief constitutes only one paragraph and contains no explanation as to why notice and a hearing would be impractical. M.D. Fla. R. 4.05(b)(2) (noting that to obtain such emergency, <i>ex parte</i> relief, Plaintiff must explain why notice and a hearing would be “impractical if not impossible.”). However, in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic and the harm that could occur should fraudulent masks be introduced by Defendant into the public, the Court finds that a TRO is necessary here. Accordingly, while the Court concludes that a TRO in this case is permissible, the Court will set an expedited schedule regarding service and the preliminary injunction hearing to ensure sufficient ability for Defendant to be heard on the matter. </blockquote>
The Court then immediately enjoined the defendant's accused activities, required a $10,000 bond, and set an evidentiary hearing for tomorrow, May 7, 2020.<br />
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Defendant has appeared and asked that the hearing be delayed a week, and asked that it be conducted by Zoom. The Court agreed to delay the hearing, but given that it will be an evidentiary hearing, is requiring in person attendance.<br />
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<i>3M Company v. Geftico, LLC</i>, Case No. 6:20-CV-648-ORl-41GJK (M.D. Fla. April 30, 2020) (J. Mendoza)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-53766611856286511022020-04-30T10:29:00.002-04:002020-04-30T10:29:44.929-04:00USPTO Further Extends Certain Patent and Trademark Deadlines<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
For many patent and trademark filing deadlines that would have been due between March 27, 2020 and May 31, 2020, the USPTO will consider them timely filed so long as: (1) they are filed on or before June 1, 2020; and (2) they are accompanied by a statement that the delay in filing was due to the COVID19 outbreak.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Patent Deadlines Further Extended<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The USPTO exercised authority granted to it under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) to extend certain deadlines. <b><i><u>Notably, the extension does not apply to original filing deadlines, PCT deadlines, national stage filing deadlines, non-provisional filing deadlines, or the deadlines to file an inter partes review petition</u></i></b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO previously extended by 30 days deadlines for certain events that fall between March 27, 2020 and April 30, 2020, if the applicant includes a statement that the delay in filing or payment was due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The USPTO has broadened these extensions to now include certain events that fall between March 27, 2020 and May 31, 2020. So long as a response is filed on or before June 1, 2020, the response will be considered timely. The USPTO provided the following in defining what it means to be “due to the COVID-19 outbreak”:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A delay in filing or payment is due to the COVID-19 outbreak for the purposes of this notice if a practitioner, applicant, patent owner, petitioner, third-party requester, inventor, or other person associated with the filing or fee was personally affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, including, without limitation, through office closures, cash flow interruptions, inaccessibility of files or other materials, travel delays, personal or family illness, or similar circumstances, such that the outbreak materially interfered with timely filing or payment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The response deadline extension covers a number of events, including pre-examination processing notices for small or micro entities, non-final and final office actions, issue fees, notices of appeal, appeal briefing, requests for oral hearing before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, maintenance fees for small or micro entities, or requests for rehearing before the PTAB.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO has also superseded its prior announcement concerning waivers of certain petition fees associated with the revival of applications and reexamination proceedings. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO also reminded everyone in its notice that it remains open for filing of USPTO documents and fees.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO’s patent notice is <a href="https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Patents-Notice-CARES-Act-2020-04.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Trademark Deadlines Further Extended<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The USPTO exercised the same authority under the CARES Act to extend certain trademark deadlines. The deadline to respond to certain events that was due between March 27, 2020 and April 30, 2020 will be extended 30 days from the initial date it was due, provided the filing is accompanied by a statement that the delay in filing or payment was due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The USPTO again defined what it means by “due to the COVID-19 outbreak” in the context of trademark deadlines:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A delay in filing or payment is due to the COVID-19 outbreak for the purposes of this notice if a practitioner, applicant, registrant, or other person associated with the filing or fee was personally affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, including, without limitation, through office closures, cash flow interruptions, inaccessibility of files or other materials, travel delays, personal or family illness, or similar circumstances, such that the outbreak materially interfered with timely filing or payment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The response deadline extension covers a number of events, including office action responses, notices of appeal, statements of use or requests for extension of time to file a statement of use, notice of oppositions or requests for extension of time to file them, priority filing, renewal applications, and affidavits of use or excusable nonuse.<o:p></o:p></div>
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For Trademark Trial and Appeal Board issues, while deadlines are not automatically extended, requests or motions to extend deadlines may be made.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO has also superseded its prior announcement concerning waivers of certain petition fees associated with the revival of applications and reinstating canceled/expired registrations. <o:p></o:p></div>
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As with the Patent notice above, the USPTO reminds everyone that it remains open to receive filing and fees.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO’s trademark notice is <a href="https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/TM-Notice-CARES-Act-2020-04.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-26588869437408581632020-04-27T10:08:00.001-04:002020-04-27T10:08:26.215-04:00Does a State Judicial District's COVID19 Administrative Order Justify Alternative Service of Process?No.<br />
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Blue Water Dynamics, LLC has sued Anthony Kalil for copyright infringement, but Blue Water is having difficulty serving Kalil. According to Plaintiff, its process server made 3 attempts to serve Kalil in March, 2020, and Defendant either was not home or refused to answer the door. Plaintiff seeks permission to serve Defendant via U.S. Mail and FedEx.<br />
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Plaintiff argues that the 19th Judicial District, presumably where Defendant may be found, has issued an <a href="http://www.circuit19.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/2020-01.pdf" target="_blank">Administrative Order</a> prohibiting certain activities. Plaintiff argues that "No authorized process servers are permitted to personally serve Mr. Kalil at this time. Accordingly, this Court should permit service of Defendant by U.S. Mail or Federal Express."<br />
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The Court was not convinced. Failing to find the language in the Administrative Order which Plaintiff relies on, the Court instead turned to <a href="https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-91.pdf" target="_blank">Executive Order 20-91</a>, entered by Florida's Governor on April 1, 2010. That Executive Order explicitly supersedes any conflicting official action or order issued by local officials and recognizes that "professional services, such as legal" are essential services which may continue operating.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
If take-out and delivery of pizza and beer are currently permitted as essential by the various governing orders, the Court is hard-pressed to conclude that the perfection of service of process (as legally-mandated by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Florida statute) does not fall within the exception for “professional services”; service of process is a legal service necessary to comply with the relevant statutes and rules, ensure due process, and allow for the orderly resolution of disputes and operation of the Court.</blockquote>
[Editor note: Interestingly, Ex. Order 20-91 was amended a few hours after it was entered by <a href="https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-92.pdf" target="_blank">Ex. Order 20-92</a>. The amendment changed the provision relied upon by the Court in this decision. Prior to the amendment, Ex. Order 20-91 provided:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This Order shall supersede any conflicting official action or order issued by local officials in response to COVID-19 but only to the extent that such action or order allows essential services or essential activities prohibited by this Executive Order. </blockquote>
After amendment, Ex. Order 20-92 provides:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This Order shall supersede any conflicting official action or order issued by local officials in response to COVID-19. </blockquote>
]<br />
<i>Ex Parte</i> Motion for Order Authorizing Alternative Service of Process, Denied.<br />
Blue Water Dynamics, LLC v. Kalil, Case No. 6:20-CV-290-ORL-78DCI (M.D. Fla. Apr. 17, 2020) (Mag. J. Irick)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-66381096957179036232020-04-13T11:49:00.000-04:002020-04-13T11:49:08.633-04:00Does COVID19 Warrant A 90-Day Extension Of a Case Pending More Than A Year?No.<br />
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Plaintiff in a patent infringement matter concerning Plaintiff's ceiling fan patents asked the court to delay all deadlines 90-days in light of the COVID19 crisis. Plaintiff noted that the parties and attorneys are all located in states that imposed social distancing guidelines and other stay at home restrictions. Due to this, the parties "are doubtful that any in person depositions may be taken at least for another sixty (60) days."<br />
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While sympathetic to the ongoing crisis, the Court also needed to weigh its obligation to advance cases on its docket, so it granted the motion in part, encouraging the parties to use remote technology to advance the case:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
While the Court understands the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Court is not convinced that a three-month continuance is warranted. This case, which was filed in the District of Maryland in December 2018, has already been pending for well over a year. In addition, the parties still have more than three months for factual discovery, much of which can be conducted using remote technology. Nevertheless, out of an abundance of fairness, the Court will grant a 60-day extension of the case management and scheduling order. The parties are advised that the Court has an obligation to move its cases forward and will be disinclined to grant any further extensions of these deadlines. Therefore, in order to avoid any further delay, the parties are encouraged to utilize remote technology to conduct discovery until it is considered safe to meet in person. </blockquote>
Motion for continuance, granted in part.<br />
<i>Delta T, LLC v. Dan's Fan City, Inc.,</i> Case No. 8:19-CV-01731 (M.D. Fla. April 9, 2020) (J. Covington)<br />
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Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-2751614353783405082020-04-10T13:11:00.000-04:002020-04-10T13:11:46.556-04:00Does the COVID19 Crisis Warrant Relief from a Preliminary Injunction Related to Fire Engines?Yes.<br />
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Pierce Manufacturing secured a preliminary injunction prohibiting E-One from selling its Metro 100 single rear axle quint. That preliminary injunction prohibits E-One from selling the Metro 100 during the pendency of the patent infringement litigation Pierce Manufacturing is pursuing against E-One. <br />
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<a href="https://www.e-one.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/athensclarke-metro-100-Ladder.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="450" height="204" src="https://www.e-one.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/athensclarke-metro-100-Ladder.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Pierce Manufacturing accuses E-One of infringing 2 of its quint configuration patents: U.S. Patent <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US9597536" target="_blank">9,597,536</a> and <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US9814915" target="_blank">9,814,915</a>. (It appears from later pleadings that Pierce has dropped claims related to the '915 Patent). <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoAURUs3nxYTbf9g4P8zmQB6HAjz9xSrl5cwhUZbfEQsxwdhpCBLY92lDxBJb0nFWM6C1jN0adCxXpNr8Y1x4RigLFMPGL0YydLGWYltyNncqIDkwx6aQv84_yrgsC38V2p0njz9l6iq2V/s1600/Screen+Shot+2020-04-10+at+12.45.44+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="784" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoAURUs3nxYTbf9g4P8zmQB6HAjz9xSrl5cwhUZbfEQsxwdhpCBLY92lDxBJb0nFWM6C1jN0adCxXpNr8Y1x4RigLFMPGL0YydLGWYltyNncqIDkwx6aQv84_yrgsC38V2p0njz9l6iq2V/s320/Screen+Shot+2020-04-10+at+12.45.44+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Trial had been scheduled for March 23, 2020, after the COVID19 pandemic had taken over in Florida and the U.S. Pierce asked the court to delay trial by 60-days, but E-One would only agree if the injunction was modified. The Court quickly set a telephonic hearing to address the motion. During the hearing, the Court granted the motion to remove the case from a March 23, 2020 trial start, and ordered the parties to meet and confer to see if agreement could be reached on the injunction. The Court gave the parties 20-days to see if they could reach a resolution.<br />
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The parties did not reach a full agreement, but got close. Pierce didn't agree a modification was appropriate, but in the case the Court ruled otherwise, Pierce and E-One agreed to provide certain relief from the injunction from the time period essentially overlapping with what will be the COVID19-related delay of the trial. Specifically, the parties agreed that E-One may sell the Metro 100 during this time period to fire departments. The parties agreed that if the jury eventually determines that sales of the Metro 100 are infringing, these interim sales can be factored into a damages award. The parties further agreed that nothing about permitting the interim sales during this COVID19 crisis could be used by the parties to argue there would be no irreparable harm in continued sales of the Metro 100.<br />
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The parties were unable to agree as to whether or not a future injunction could cover these interim sales. The Court entered the modification to the preliminary injunction, and sided with E-One in holding that:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Any such Interim Sales, as defined by the receipt of a purchase order from a bona fide purchaser, shall not be subject to any future injunction, regardless of the outcome of the jury trial in the case.</blockquote>
Preliminary injunction modified.<br />
[Notably, shortly after entering this modification, Judge Moody transferred this case to Judge Barber, with his consent.] <br />
<i>Pierce Manufacturing, Inc. v. E-One, Inc.</i>, Case No. 8:18-CV-617-JSM-TGW (M.D. Fla. Apr. 8, 2020) (J. Moody)<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-91134971413854394552020-04-01T11:33:00.000-04:002020-04-13T11:25:47.204-04:00Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Deadlines Extended Due To COVID-19<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u>Patent, Trademark, and Copyright deadlines extended due to the COVID19 crisis.<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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The United States Patent and Trademark Office today extended certain deadlines in connection with patent and trademark related matters due to the COVID19 crisis. Similarly, the United States Copyright Office has announced modifications to deadlines in light of the crisis.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Patent Deadlines Extended<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The USPTO exercised authority granted to it under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) to extend certain deadlines. Specifically, deadlines for certain events that fall between March 27, 2020 and April 30, 2020, will be extended by 30 days if the applicant includes a statement that the delay in filing or payment was due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The USPTO provided the following in defining what it means to be “due to the COVID-19 outbreak”:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A delay in filing or payment is due to the COVID-19 outbreak for the purposes of this notice if a practitioner, applicant, patent owner, petitioner, third party requester, inventor, or other person associated with the filing or fee was personally affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, including, without limitation, through office closures, cash flow interruptions, inaccessibility of files or other materials, travel delays, personal or family illness, or similar circumstances, such that the outbreak materially interfered with timely filing or payment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The response deadline extension covers a number of events, including pre-examination processing notices for small or micro entities, non-final and final office actions, issue fees, notices of appeal, appeal briefing, requests for oral hearing before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, maintenance fees for small or micro entities, or requests for rehearing before the PTAB.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">Notably, the extension does not apply to original filing deadlines, PCT deadlines, national stage filing deadlines, non-provisional filing deadlines, or the deadlines to file an <i>inter partes</i> review petition.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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The USPTO has also announced that it is waiving certain petition fees for patent owners and applicants who were unable to timely file a response because of the COVID-19 crisis.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The USPTO also reminded everyone in its notice that it remains open for filing of USPTO documents and fees. The Patent notice is <a href="https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Patents%20CARES%20Act.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Trademark Deadlines Extended<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The USPTO exercised the same authority under the CARES Act to extend certain trademark deadlines. The deadline to respond to certain events that was due between March 27, 2020 and April 30, 2020 will be extended 30 days from the initial date it was due, provided the filing is accompanied by a statement that the delay in filing or payment was due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The USPTO again defined what it means by “due to the COVID-19 outbreak” in the context of trademark deadlines:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A delay in filing or payment is due to the COVID-19 outbreak for the purposes of this notice if a practitioner, applicant, registrant, or other person associated with the filing or fee was personally affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, including, without limitation, through office closures, cash flow interruptions, inaccessibility of files or other materials, travel delays, personal or family illness, or similar circumstances, such that the outbreak materially interfered with timely filing or payment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The response deadline extension covers a number of events, including office action responses, notices of appeal, statements of use or requests for extension of time to file a statement of use, notice of oppositions or requests for extension of time to file them, priority filing, and affidavits of use or excusable nonuse.<o:p></o:p></div>
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For Trademark Trial and Appeal Board issues, while deadlines are not automatically extended, requests or motions to extend deadlines may be made.<o:p></o:p></div>
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As with the Patent notice above, the USPTO reminds everyone that it remains open to receive filing and fees. The Trademark nice is <a href="https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/TM-Notice-CARES-Act.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Copyright Deadlines Extended<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The U.S. Copyright Office has also made adjustments under the authority of the CARES Act. For those copyright applicants able to submit electronic copyright applications with electronic deposit copies, no changes have been made. But for those applicants who must submit a physical deposit copy, the Copyright Office will accept an electronic application and a declaration or similar statement certifying, under penalty of perjury, that the applicant is unable to submit the physical deposit and would have done so but for the national emergency. The applicant must set forth “satisfactory evidence” in support of this statement. The Copyright Office provided the following examples of “satisfactory evidence:”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>statement that the applicant is subject to a stay-at-home order issued by a state or local government<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>a statement that the applicant is unable to access required physical materials due to closure of the business where they are located<o:p></o:p></div>
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If an applicant is unable to submit an electronic application, the applicant may do so after the Acting Director of the Copyright Office has announced the end of the COVID-19 disruption, so long as the applicant includes a declaration or similar statement certifying, under penalty of perjury, that the applicant was unable to submit an application electronically or physically and would have done so but for the national emergency, and providing “satisfactory evidence” in support. This “satisfactory evidence” may include:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>a statement that the applicant did not have access to a computer and/or the internet<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>a statement that the applicant was prevented from accessing or sending required physical materials for reasons such as those noted above<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Copyright notice is <a href="https://www.copyright.gov/coronavirus/" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-73809010220793016812020-03-16T13:43:00.003-04:002020-03-16T13:43:55.709-04:00Is Identifying An Allegedly Infringed Claim Sufficient To Survive Dismissal?Not necessarily.<br />
<br />
Advanced Screenworks, LLC sued Gold Star Ventures and its owner for alleged infringement of <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US8146647" target="_blank">U.S. Patent 8,146,647</a> for "Screen Clipping System and Clips Therefor." Advanced alleges that Gold Star infringes the '647 Patent by:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
making, using, offering to sell, and selling products, methods, and apparatuses for the screening of windows, doors, pool cages, and patios, including [Defendant's] "Screening Buddy Dual Purpose Screen Retainer System" ... which comes within the scope of the ['647 Patent] without authority or license from [plaintiff].</blockquote>
Advanced further alleges that Gold Star has infringed on "at least claims 1, 2, and 3 of the '647 Patent." But identifying the patent and the specific claims infringed was not sufficient to survive dismissal:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
An allegation of direct patent infringement is “insufficient under <i>Twombly</i> and <i>Iqbal</i> if it simply recites some of the elements of a representative claim and then describes generally how an accused product operates, without specifically tying the operation to any asserted claim or addressing all of the claim requirements.” <i>Blue Water Innovations, LLC v. Fettig</i>, 2019 WL 1904589, *2 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 8, 2019) (citation omitted).</blockquote>
Because Advanced "does not sufficiently tie any specific operation to a patent claim," Gold Star's motion to dismiss is granted. The Court did grant leave to file a Second Amended Complaint.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=13230742180956268586&q=Blue+Water+Innovations,+LLC+v.+Fettig&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>Advanced Screeworks, LLC v. Mosher</i>, Case No. 2:19-civ-758-FtM-29MRM (M.D. Fla. Mar. 12, 2020) (J. Steele)</a>Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-15044366915630536552019-08-02T08:39:00.001-04:002019-08-02T08:39:37.357-04:00Are Rule 11 Sanctions Warranted If Plaintiff Names the Wrong Defendants?Yes.<br />
<br />
RooR International Bv and Sream, Inc (collectively "RooR") have filed dozens (more? - a recent search suggests over 100 such cases) of suits throughout Florida asserting trademark rights for purported counterfeit sales of its water pipes. <br />
<br />
Recently, RooR asserted such claims against Nipa Enterprise, Inc. and and Ashmaul Hosna for such alleged counterfeit sales at their store in 2016. But Nipa and Hosna did not own the store in 2016. Indeed, Nipa Enterprise, Inc. was not formed until 2017. Defendants filed their Rule 11 motion after waiting for the Rule 11 safe harbor period to elapse.<br />
<br />
RooR responded by seeking leave to file an Amended Complaint. That Amended Complaint named different defendants, and no longer named Nipa and Hosna. The Court then took up Nipa and Hosna's Rule 11 motion.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Nipa and Hosna claim there is no factual basis for the
Complaint because they did not own the store when the counterfeit sale
happened. (Doc. 34 at 2-3). Rather than deny or disputing this claim, Roor and
Sream filed an Amended Complaint identical to the original Complaint, except it
replaces Nipa and Hosna with new defendants. (Doc. 38). So Roor and Sream
implicitly admit that the new defendants owned the store at the time of the
sale—not Nipa and Hosna. On that basis, the Court concludes that the original Complaint
was objectively baseless. <i>See Busse v. Lee Cty., Fla.,</i> No.
2:07-cv-228-FtM29SPC, 2007 WL 4350863, at *2-3 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 11, 2007)
(finding plaintiff’s claim, that defense counsel perpetuated fraud before she
was born, objectively baseless)</blockquote>
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RooR likely did not help itself by failing to respond to the sanctions motion:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Roor and Sream also should have known that Nipa and Hosna
were the wrong parties. <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12924351236219498750&q=105+F.3d+610,&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Attwood v. Singletary</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12924351236219498750&q=105+F.3d+610,&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">, 105 F.3d 610, 613 (11th Cir.1997)</a> (per curiam) (“Rule 11 requires [litigants] to make reasonable inquiries
into the veracity of information filed before the court[.]”). A simple public
record search could have easily fixed the error. Instead, Nipa and Hosna were
named defendants for three months. RooR and Sream wasted three months of
Nipa’s, Hosna’s, and the Court’s time and resources. And RooR and Sream have
failed to respond as to why they did so when given the chance. The Court thus
finds sanctions warranted and will award Nipa and Hosna reasonable costs and
attorney’s fees. See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8109742283751163740&q=819+F.2d+1551&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>Donaldson v. Clark</i>, 819 F.2d 1551, 1556 (11th Cir. 1987)</a>
(Rule 11 sanctions can be “viewed as a form of cost-shifting, compensating
opposing parties injured by the vexatious or frivolous litigation” or “as a
form of punishment imposed on those who violate the rule[.]”).</blockquote>
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The Court then imposed liability on plaintiffs' counsel to pay defendants' reasonable costs and attorney fees.<br />
<br />
Motion for sanctions, granted.<br />
<i>RooR International Bv v. Ullah Business, Inc.</i>, Case No. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;">2:19-cv-222-FtM-38MRM (M.D. Fla. July 31, 2019) (J. Chappell)</span><br />
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</style>Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-76504303968170664522019-01-08T08:56:00.000-05:002019-01-08T08:56:16.275-05:00Do You Need To Threaten Litigation To Trigger Declaratory Judgment Subject Matter Jurisdiction?No.<br />
<br />
Erbaviva, LLC, a California LLC, sent a demand letter to Era Organics, a Florida company. The letter identified a number of Erbaviva federal trademark registrations, and "request[ed]" Era Organics:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Request the USPTO expressly abandon certain Era Organics trademark registrations;</li>
<li>Permanently refrain from using ERA ORGANICS, or any similar mark, in connection with certain goods;</li>
<li>Provide written assurances Era Organics will comply with these "requests"</li>
</ol>
<br />
The letter then concluded:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Provided we receive Era Organics' full and prompt cooperation, as well as confirmation that the above action has been performed, our client is prepared to give Era Organics a reasonable amount of time to transition to a new company name/trademark and sell through its remaining inventory.</blockquote>
The letter demanded compliance within 11 days.<br />
<br />
Instead of changing the name it had been using for at least 4 years, Era Organics filed suit, seeking a declaratory judgment that there was no trademark infringement. Erbabviva sought dismissal, arguing there was no jurisdiction to hear the dispute, as there was no "actual controversy." Erbabviva argued its letter did not create any such dispute:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Nowhere in the letter did Defendant threaten litigation or suggest that it intended to take any formal action. To the contrary, Defendant indicated that it was concerned about confusion in the marketplace and expressed a willingness to work with Plaintiff on resolving the dispute informally and amicably. Plaintiff never responded to Defendant's letter but instead rushed to Court to file the present action. In doing so, Plaintiff effectively jumped the gun.</blockquote>
The Court was not persuaded:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Defendant's letter described the likelihood of confusion between its products as "substantial" and "perhaps inevitable," and requested that Plaintiff cancel its federal trademarks and "permanently refrain" from using its own mark, among other things. Dkt. 1, p. 14. An actual controversy exists.</blockquote>
Motion To Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction, Denied<br />
<i>Era Organics, Inc. v. Erbaviva, LLC</i>, Case No. 8:18-CV-2219-T-30SPF (M.D. Fla. Jan 4, 2019) (J. Moody)<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-7485938952043340322018-10-25T09:45:00.000-04:002018-10-25T09:45:07.689-04:00Are the Pleading Standards for Method Claims More Rigorous in the Context of Rule 11?No.<br />
<br />
Micro Processing Technology, Inc. sent a letter to Plasma-Therm alleging that Plasma-Therm was infringing MPT's patent. Plasma-Therm filed a declaratory judgment action seeking a declaration that it did not infringe. Six months into the litigation, MPT served preliminary infringement contentions, which were based "[u]pon the information currently available to MPT and its belief." MPT twice amended its infringement contentions. <br />
<br />
Plasma-Therm then moved to strike MPT's infringement contentions, arguing MPT lacked diligence in their preparation. The Court denied the motion to strike, noting that while the contentions were "sparce," they gave notice of MPT's preliminary theories. The Court also noted that the parties would have an opportunity to serve final contentions later in the litigation.<br />
<br />
A month later, MPT filed its counterclaims asserting patent infringement (and other claims). Plasma-Therm moved to dismiss those counterclaims. Two weeks later (before MPT responded to the motion to dismiss), Plasma-Therm sought sanctions pursuant to Rule 11 for MPT's failure to conduct a proper pre-suit inquiry before asserting its patent infringement counterclaims.<br />
<br />
The next day, the Court construed a number of terms the parties has disputed, adopting Plasma-Therm's constructions. Shortly thereafter, MPT voluntarily dismissed its counterclaims and the case settled in full, but for resolution of the sanctions motion.<br />
<br />
MPT offered four defenses to the sanction motion:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>its counterclaims were compulsory, so it had to file them at an early stage of the litigation;</li>
<li>the sanctions motion is better resolved as a motion to dismiss;</li>
<li>the standard for pre-suit investigations is different for method patent claims than product claims; and</li>
<li>its pre-suit investigation was reasonable in light of its "good faith constructions.</li>
</ol>
<br />
As to the counterclaim being compulsory:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
the fact that a counterclaim may be compulsory does not excuse a litigant or counsel from compliance with Rule 11. <i>See e.g. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14142529033923388016&q=208+F.3d+981&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">View Eng'g, Inc. [v. Robotic Vision Sys],</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14142529033923388016&q=208+F.3d+981&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"> 208 F.3d 981, 986 (Fed. Cir. 2000)</a> (affirming Rule 11 sanctions on defendant who filed counterclaims of patent infringement without reasonable inquiry following plaintiff's declaratory action seeking to have defendant's patent declared invalid, or in the alternative, a finding of no infringement).</blockquote>
As to the sanctions motion being better resolved as a motion to dismiss:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Court disagrees. With respect to patent infringement claims, Rule 11 asks whether there was, at a minimum, a reasonable basis for a finding of infringement. Thought not the only factor, the content of the pleadings is relevant to that analysis.</blockquote>
As to the legal standard for sanctions in connection with method claims:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
None of the cases MPT cites support its theory that a different pre-filing standard exists with respect to patent infringement claims involving a method. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8859801671993779803&q=360+f3d+1295&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>Q-Pharma, Inc</i>. <i>[v. Andrew Jergens Co.]</i>, 360 F.3d 1295, 1300-01 (Fed. Cir. 2004)</a> (analyzing a patent “directed to a method” and stating that “[i]n the context of patent infringement actions, we have interpreted Rule 11 to require, at a minimum, that an attorney interpret the asserted patent claims and compare the accused device with those claims before filing a claim alleging infringement”); <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5427203503005742771&q=pps+data+v+athenahealth&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>PPS Data, LLC [v. Athenahealth, Inc],</i> 2012 WL 601208, at *1</a> (describing pre-filing analysis). Other case law on the topic of Rule 11 sanctions does not support MPT’s assertion, either. <i>See, e.g., <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1836415130465067073&q=110+F.3d+780&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Judin v. U.S.,</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1836415130465067073&q=110+F.3d+780&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"> 110 F.3d 780, 784 (Fed. Cir. 1997)</a> (analyzing whether claimant and attorney adequately compared accused devices with patent claims involving a method). Therefore, the Court finds no basis to adopt MPT’s contention that it did not need to conduct a factual inquiry prior to filing suit.</blockquote>
As to the reasonableness of its pre-suit analysis:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here, MPT has not shown why, prior to filing suit, MPT believed its claim of infringement was meritorious. MPT has not compared any product, process, or method utilized by Plasma Therm to the patents-in-suit. Nor has MPT even identified any such product, process, or method utilized by Plasma-Therm against which the patents-in-suit could have been compared. <i>See J<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1836415130465067073&q=110+F.3d+780&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">udin</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1836415130465067073&q=110+F.3d+780&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">, 110 F.3d at 784</a> (Viewing an alleged infringing device “may have been sufficient to put Judin on inquiry about whether the Government was using a device that infringed his patent. But Rule 11 requires more. It requires that the inquiry be undertaken before the suit is filed, not after.”). </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The only explanation MPT gives as to why it believed it had a reasonable chance of proving infringement is provided in a footnote, in which MPT states that “if Plasma-Therm practiced the disputed claims in the way Plasma-Therm implies it did in its claims constructions it would infringe the claims as construed by MPT.” Doc. 111 at p. 2, n. 3. But Plasma-Therm’s claim construction brief does not explain its own products, processes, or methods. Rather, PlasmaTherm’s claim construction brief describes only the patents-in-suit, including the specification and prosecution, to explain why the disputed claim terms should be construed as Plasma-Therm suggests. To the extent MPT draws inferences about Plasma-Therm’s product, processes, or method from Plasma-Therm’s advocacy of certain claim constructions, this is not explained. Nor would such inferences have necessarily been reasonable and sufficient for MPT to meet its burden under Rule 11 given the Court’s rejection of MPT’s claim constructions. <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17992723625588011143&q=753+F.3d+1291&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Source Vagabond Sys. Ltd. [v. Hydrapack, Inc.],</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17992723625588011143&q=753+F.3d+1291&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"> 753 F.3d 1291, 1302 (Fed. Cir. 2014)</a>.</blockquote>
Summarizing its analysis, the Court noted that "neither MPT nor its counsel even suggest that they attempted to apply the claims of the patents-in-suit to any accused device, method, process, or product of Plasma-Therm. The failure of MPT and its attorneys to make a reasonable inquiry before filing the frivolous infringement counterclaims warrants Rule 11 sanctions."<br />
<br />
Motion for sanctions granted.<br />
<i>Plasma-Therm, LLC v. Micro Processing Technology, Inc.</i>, Case No. 8:15-CV-2785-T-36TBM (M.D. Fla. Oct. 23, 2018) (J. Honeywell)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-19041144950529126002018-10-03T09:51:00.000-04:002018-10-03T09:51:05.128-04:00Can The Manager of a Florida LLC Represent the Corporation in Litigation?If she or he is not a lawyer, no.<br />
<br />
David Boggs, LLC and Mac Mar, LLC sued Matthew Soltis and his company My Affordable Roof, LLC for trademark infringement concerning the mark "MY AFFORDABLE ROOF." Soltis appears to have opted to defend himself. He has submitted a number of filings to the Court captioned as requests for extension of time, motions to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and answers. He has submitted these filings both on behalf of himself, and on behalf of his corporation.<br />
<br />
On plaintiffs' motion, the Court struck the first such filing on behalf of the corporation:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Soltis is not an attorney so cannot represent this entity under Local Rule 2.03(e). (Doc. 16, pp. 1–3.) <i>See</i> Local Rule 2.03(e) (“A corporation may appear and be heard only through counsel admitted to practice in this Court pursuant to Rule 2.01 or Rule 2.02.”); <i>see also <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8795138710347330957&q=363+F.+Supp.+2d+1331&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Energy Lighting Mgmt., LLC v. Kinder,</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8795138710347330957&q=363+F.+Supp.+2d+1331&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"> 363 F. Supp. 2d 1331, 1332 (M.D. Fla. 2005)</a> (applying Local Rule 2.03(e) to limited liability companies).</blockquote>
Undeterred, Soltis tried again, moving for an extension of time on behalf of himself and his corporation to respond to the complaint. The Court again reminded Soltis that a corporation must be represented by counsel:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Defendant Soltis has again filed a Motion on behalf of My Affordable Roof, LLC in violation of the local rules. The Motion filed on behalf of Defendant, My Affordable Roof, LLC is unauthorized. </blockquote>
Soltis then filed a motion to dismiss the complaint as to him, and tried filing an answer on behalf of the Corporation. The Court struck the corporation's answer, and denied Soltis' motion:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
On review, the Court finds the Motion is due to be denied. First, the Motion is untimely. Indeed, Soltis’ approach to this case reveals a pattern of disregarding court orders, despite repeated extensions and opportunities for compliance. This latest Motion appears to be another delay tactic, as the Court flatly denied Soltis leave to file it. (See Doc. 22.) Moreover, Soltis’ argument that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction here is meritless. Plaintiffs’ Complaint alleges violations of the Lanham Act based, in part, on Defendants’ engagement in interstate commerce. (E.g., Doc. 1, ¶ 20.) Accepting these allegations as true, subject matter jurisdiction exists here. <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8267890712493074210&q=524+F.3d+1229&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Stalley ex rel. U.S. v. Orlando Reg’l Healthcare Sys. Inc.</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8267890712493074210&q=524+F.3d+1229&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">, 524 F.3d 1229, 1232–33 (11th Cir. 2008)</a> (announcing standard of review for facial subject matter jurisdiction attacks where the defendant does not use material extrinsic to the pleadings). </blockquote>
Motion to dismiss, granted. Motion to strike corporation's answer, granted. Amended motion for default as to corporation, granted as well.<br />
<br />
[Practice pointer -- a corporation may not represent itself in the Middle District of Florida; it must engage counsel.]<br />
<br />
<i>David Boggs, LLC v. Soltis</i>, Case No. 6:18-CV-687-ORL-37GJK (M.D. Fla. Oct. 1, 2018) (J. Dalton, Jr.)<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-8723550030789527942018-09-06T08:47:00.000-04:002018-09-06T08:47:12.030-04:00Does The Labor Day Holiday's Mattress Sale Weekend Warrant a Temporary Restraining Order?No.<br />
<br />
The owner of the TEMPUR-PEDIC bedding brand ("Plaintiff") has sued a number of defendants, including a former retailer as well as the owner of the THERAPEDIC bedding brand. Through that lawsuit, Plaintiff seeks to enjoin sales of the THERAPEDIC bedding.<br />
<br />
To that end, on August 28, 2018, the Tuesday before the labor day holiday, Plaintiff filed suit. Along with its complaint, Plaintiff also filed a motion for a temporary restraining order, as well as a motion for a preliminary injunction. The next day, the Court denied the motion for TRO for failure to comply with <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_65" target="_blank">Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1)(B)</a>'s obligation that the filing lawyer certify what efforts she has made to give notice to the defending party, and why notice should not be required. Notably, the Court also referred the motion for preliminary injunction the magistrate judge to conduct an evidentiary hearing and issue a report and recommendation.<br />
<br />
After its motion was denied, Plaintiff's general counsel emailed the retailer defendant's general counsel demanding defendant cease sales, and provided a copy of the motion for TRO as well as the Court's order denying it. Plaintiff's letter gave defendant one day to comply. Defendant did not respond.<br />
<br />
Plaintiff next renewed its motion for TRO on the evening of August 30, 2018 (the Thursday before the labor day holiday). Plaintiff included a copy of its letter to the defendant in an attempt to satisfy Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1)(B). The next day, Friday, around 11:50am Defendant's counsel contacted the Court and indicated that it wanted to oppose Plaintiff's motion for TRO. The Court gave defendant until 3pm that day to file its response, which defendant did.<br />
<br />
Plaintiff's argument for a TRO was based, in part, on the labor day sales weekend being "one of the bedding industry's biggest sales weekends." Permitting defendant to sell the allegedly infringing products through this weekend would result in "significant irreparable harm to [Plaintiff's] brand and goodwill." In response, defendant explained that its limited sales in a single test market, as well as its long standing trademark rights -- predating Plaintiff's trademark rights -- cautioned against the extraordinary remedy of an <i>ex parte </i>temporary restraining order. The Court agreed with defendant:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Court is mindful that “[a]n <i>ex parte</i> temporary restraining order is an extreme remedy to be used only with the utmost caution.” <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16757141850162441799&q=70+F.3d+1191&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>Levine v. Comcoa Ltd.,</i> 70 F.3d 1191, 1194 (11th Cir. 1995)</a>. Given the contested nature of the allegations underpinning Plaintiffs’ argument for a temporary restraining order, as well as Mattress Firm’s request that it be given an opportunity to respond fully before any injunctive relief is granted, the Court denies the Renewed Motion for Temporary Restraining Order. The Court finds that Plaintiffs have not carried their burden for the issuance of a temporary restraining order pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65 and Local Rule 4.05.</blockquote>
<div>
While absent from the Court's order, defendant also explained another interesting angle in its responsive brief. Apparently, the parties have been engaged in separate litigations in Texas state and federal court, where the Texas state litigation is due to begin trial later this month. According to defendant, Plaintiff has filed a number of motions seeking preliminary injunctions against defendant. And defendant notes that the Texas state court denied a request for a temporary restraining order against defendant more than a year ago. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Renewed motion for temporary restraining order, denied.</div>
<div>
<i>Tempur-Pedic North America, LLC v. Mattress Firm, Inc.</i>, Case No. 8:18-CV-2147-VMC-SPF (M.D. Fla. Aug. 31, 2018) (J. Covington)</div>
Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-19688994456610957562018-08-27T09:06:00.000-04:002018-08-27T09:06:38.980-04:00Are Fees Recoverable Automatically When You Make a "Good" Offer of Judgement?Nope. The party seeking fees pursuant to a rejected Rule 68 Offer of Judgment still has the burden of showing a proper offer was made, was served, and was not accepted.<br />
<br />
After what appears to have been 3+ years of contentious copyright infringement litigation, Plaintiffs were awarded $1,015.20 in damages against Defendants. Plaintiffs owned copyrights in certain artwork, and Defendants had used this artwork in connection with certain "paint parties." After this damage award, the parties engaged in various motion practice seeking sanctions and costs against each other. The Court summarized the case's posture as follows:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Although this case presented fairly straightforward issues
of copyright infringement, the case proceeded in anything but a straightforward
manner. The nearly 400 docket entries in this case contain a plethora of
motions for extensions of time and modification of deadlines, and other filings
before the Court that can be best described as unprofessional and unnecessary
squabbling between the parties. The tone of the parties’ papers was so poor,
that early in the litigation the Magistrate Judge admonished the parties to
“confine their presentations to facts and law that are relevant to the Court’s determination
of the issues presented in the parties’ papers. Counsel shall refrain from caustic
comments and characterizations of the motive of any party or counsel.” (Doc.
90, pp. 2–3). Unfortunately, this advice went unheeded, and the case dragged on
for another three years.</blockquote>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
After deciding neither sides' behavior rose to the level warranting sanctions, the Court addressed Defendants' argument that it was entitled to recover its fees and costs because Defendants had allegedly served an Offer of Judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 68 to settle the case for $2,500 -- more than Plaintiffs recovered at trial. Problem is, Defendants did not attach a copy of the offer of judgment that was purportedly served.<br />
<br />
Instead, Defendants referenced an "Exhibit 1" in their briefing. But Defendants did not attach an exhibit to the brief. Instead, Defendants filed a brief that exceeded the page limits set by local rules and was admonished by the Court for doing so. (The Court struck a few portions of the brief and refused to consider them in order to bring the brief's page count back into the 25-page limit set by the rules.)<br />
<br />
The Court noted that it was not responsible for hunting for the evidence a moving party seeks to use to support its position:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The burden does not fall on this Court to ferret through the
ballooned docket in this case to find evidence supporting Bloomington’s claims
for fees and costs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By failing to attach
a Rule 68 offer to its Motion for fees, or to otherwise direct the Court where
to find the document in the record, Bloomington has not carried its burden of
establishing it is entitled to fees under Rule 68.<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></blockquote>
Notwithstanding this admonition, the Court did search through the various docket entries and find something labeled "offer of judgment." But there was not sufficient evidence showing such a document was served in accordance with the rules. As such, the request for fees pursuant to Rule 68 were denied.<br />
<br />
The Court then went through an analysis of Plaintiffs' request for recoverable costs, and awarded $4,482.95 as recoverable costs.<br />
<br />
Motions for sanctions, denied. Motion for fees, denied. Motion for taxation of costs, granted.<br />
<br />
<i>Duncanson v Bloomington</i>, Case No. 6:14-cv-704-PGB-KRS (M.D. Fla. Aug. 23, 2018) (J. Byron)<br />
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</style>Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-8800486170221826002018-08-06T09:30:00.000-04:002018-08-06T09:30:01.423-04:00Are "Nationwide" Sales on Amazon Sufficient to Show Injury in M.D.Fla. for Venue Purposes?Yes.<br />
<br />
Thursday, LLC and Klhip, Inc. are both retailers that use Amazon to sell nail clippers online. Klhip filed a number of claims with Amazon about Thursday. In response, Amazon would take Thursday down and investigate. Each time, Klhip's allegations have been found baseless (and Thursday's Amazon presence has been restored). <br />
<br />
Thursday, a Florida corporation located in Clearwater, sued Klhip for unfair competition, tortious interference, and violations of Florida's Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act (FDUPTA) (among other claims). Klhip, whose CEO lives in Idaho, sought to transfer the case there pursuant to either 28 U.S.C. 1391(b) (arguing that venue in M.D. Fla. was entirely improper) or 28 U.S.C. 1404(b) (arguing that it would be more convenient to litigate in Idaho).<br />
<br />
Concerning the propriety of venue (28 U.S.C. 1391(b)), the Court quickly disposed of Klhip's challenge. Thursday notes that it sells thousands of its nail clippers in this district, and Klhip's statements about Thursday (to Amazon) have hurt Thursday in this district, thus supporting jurisdiction The Court agreed.<br />
<br />
Concerning transfer for convenience of the parties, the Court rejected Klhip's argument that Idaho would be more convenient. The analysis followed the typical analysis in a 1404 decision, but notably noticed the importance of the FDUPTA claim, explaining that: "[a] district judge in Florida indisputably has the advantage in an action based on Florida law and is most adept at applying Florida law. As a result [familiarity with the governing law] distinctly disfavors transfer."<br />
<br />
Motion to transfer, denied.<br />
<i>Thursday, LLC v. Klhip, Inc.</i>, Case No. 8:17-cv-1587-T-36AEP (M.D. Fla. July 11, 2018) (J. Honeywell)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-67678706091072276302018-07-30T09:30:00.000-04:002018-07-30T09:30:13.671-04:00Is it a good idea to ignore the Court's orders?No.<br />
<br />
Taser International, Inc. sued Phazzer Electronics, Inc. for patent infringement. The discovery history appears tortured. Taser pursued a number of motions to compel discovery responses. Phazzer produced some documents (and apparently no emails), but the documents conflicted with representations Phazzer had made about its corporate structure and relationships with third parties. <br />
<br />
Then came the attempts to schedule depositions of "the handful of critical witnesses associated with Phazzer." Apparently these critical witnesses for this closely-held company "are represented to be on vacation, out of the country, in surgery, or convalescing." Taser had been attempting to schedule these depositions for 5 months.<br />
<br />
With a Technology Tutorial scheduled in court, the Court ordered the parties and their counsel to attend in person, and cautioned that failure to do so could result in sanctions (including default judgment). The day the Court entered that order, Phazzer's counsel filed a motion to withdraw. That same day, the Court denied the motion to withdraw, and specifically ordered counsel to continue to represent Phazzer, notwithstanding counsel's representation of "irreconcilable differences." The next day, Phazzer's counsel filed a "Notice of Termination of Legal Representation." The Court struck that notice the same day because "because it is not a motion or a filing that is otherwise authorized by the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure or this Court’s Local Rules."<br />
<br />
Phazzer's corporate representative did not attend the Technology Tutorial, failed to attend the corporate deposition of Phazzer, and a number of other Phazzer witnesses did not attend their court ordered depositions. <br />
<br />
The court then set a hearing on Phazzer's counsel's renewed motion to withdraw, specifically ordering a representative of Phazzer to attend. No corporate representative attended. Denying Phazzer's motion to stay the case, the Magistrate Judge observed: "it appears that Phazzer, with the assistance of its counsel, is attempting in bad faith to further delay this litigation."<br />
<br />
In light of this abusive practice, the Court granted Taser's request for sanctions, and imposed the following relief:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Striking of Phazzer's motion to dismiss;</li>
<li>default entered in favor of Taser and against Phazzer on all claims;</li>
<li>compensatory damages;</li>
<li>treble damages for "Defendant's willful infringement" and "willful false advertisement";</li>
<li>attorneys' fees and costs; and</li>
<li>a permanent injunction.</li>
</ul>
<br />
Notably, while the Court could not name the third-party manufacturers in the injunction (for due process concerns), the Court did note: "it is clear that nonparties who assist the enjoined party in violating the injunction may be held in contempt by this Court."<br />
<br />
The injunction should be helpful with ceasing importation of these infringing devices (electroshock cartridges). Whether Taser will ever see any money from this judgment is another question entirely. Moral of the story, Court orders are not something to be ignored.<br />
<br />
Motion for Sanctions, granted.<br />
<i>Taser International, Inc. v. Phazzer Electronics, Inc.</i>, Case No. 6:16-cv-366-Orl-40KRS (M.D. Fla. July 21, 2018) (J. Byron)<br />
Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-3157163294744552922018-07-10T08:57:00.000-04:002018-07-11T08:12:50.157-04:00Request for 2 Day Extension To Oppose Summary Judgment Motion? Denied. Ouch.<br />
<br />
Commodores Entertainment Corporation has sued Thomas McClary, a former Commodores band member, for various trademark claims. Commodores sought summary judgment. Procedurally, McClary's attorney requested a first extension of 8 days for McClary to respond to the dispositive summary judgment motion. The Commodores did not oppose the request and the Court granted it.<br />
<br />
During that 8-day period, McClary's counsel attended a hearing in California state court in San Diego. During that hearing, the California state court set a case for jury trial where McClary's counsel is lead trial. That jury trial was set to begin on July 6 - the day after McClary's summary judgment response was due.<br />
<br />
On the day of the summary judgment response deadline (July 5), McClary's counsel sought a 2-day extension of time to respond to the summary judgment motion. Again, the Commodores did not oppose the request. The next day (after the deadline has passed), the Court denied the motion with the following docket entry:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b style="background-color: white; color: #000099;">ENDORSED ORDER denying <a href="https://ecf.flmd.uscourts.gov/doc1/047018945336">415</a> Motion. Counsel has not demonstrated good cause for the requested second extension. Defendants have other counsel of record who could have assisted. Signed by Judge Roy B. Dalton, Jr. on 7/6/2018. (ZRR) </b><span style="background-color: white; color: #000099;">(Entered: 07/06/2018)</span></blockquote>
Ouch. Later that day, McClary submitted its summary judgment response brief. And a few days later, McClary filed an unopposed motion requesting the brief be accepted as timely. The Court has not yet ruled on that request.<br />
<br />
As a practice pointer, it is difficult for the Courts to rule on requested extensions on the day of a particular deadline, and I have not studied the history of this case to see how well it has progressed. But I presume the merits of the case will get resolved.<br />
<br />
*** Update 7/10/2018 ***<br />
The Court resolved McClary's request to accept the summary judgment<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b style="background-color: white; color: #000099;">ENDORSED ORDER granting in part and denying in part <a href="https://ecf.flmd.uscourts.gov/doc1/047018955967">418</a> Motion Relief From Order, And To Accept Opposition To Motion For Summary Judgment As Timely Filed. The Response in Opposition will be considered as timely filed. In all other respects the motion is denied. Signed by Judge Roy B. Dalton, Jr. on 7/10/2018. (Dalton, Jr., Roy) </b><span style="background-color: white; color: #000099;">(Entered: 07/10/2018)</span></blockquote>
<br />
<i>Commodores Entertainment Corporation v McClary,</i> Case No. 6:14-cv-01335-RBD-GJK (M.D. Fla. July 6, 2018) (J. Dalton, Jr.)<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-80467971741416312017-09-28T07:56:00.000-04:002017-09-28T07:56:08.332-04:00Want To Pursue Attorneys Fees After Invalidating A Patent in Front of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board?Not so fast. If the case is moot because all of the claims have been extinguished, you may have foregone your ability to pursue discovery to support your claim for attorneys fees in federal court.<br />
<br />
MD Security Solutions, LLC sued Protection 1, Inc. for alleged infringement of <a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US7864983" target="_blank">U.S. Patent No. 7,864,983</a> concerning a security alarm system. Protection 1 asserted the standard counterclaims seeking declarations of invalidity and noninfringement. A third party (RPX, Corp., a patent risk management company) filed a request for inter partes review seeking to cancel the claims of the '983 Patent. Protection 1 filed its own IPR as well (which was essentially the same as RPX's), and also joined in RPX's IPR. Protection 1 agreed to be bound by whatever happened with RPX's IPR. The parties in the federal case then jointly asked the Court to stay the case pending the PTAB proceedings.<br />
<br />
The PTAB issued a final written decision finding all claims of the '983 Patent invalid. MD Security did not appeal. MD Security asked that the stay be lifted and the Court dismiss its claims. Protection 1 asked for a short discovery period to pursue a claim for attorneys fees because "[i]n short, [Protection 1] argues the Plaintiff and both of its principals are patent trolls."<br />
<br />
The Court first explained the law of mootness:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">“A case is moot
when events subsequent to the commencement of a lawsuit create a situation in
which the court can no longer give the [party] meaningful relief.” <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14632623034209970765&q=633+F.3d+1297&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>National </i></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14632623034209970765&q=633+F.3d+1297&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank">Ass’nof Boards of Pharmacy v. Board of Regents of the Univ. Sys. of Ga., 633 F.3d1297, 1308 (11th Cir. 2011) </a>(citing <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=7491644776818633759&q=162+F.3d+627&hl=en&as_sdt=40006" target="_blank"><i>Jews for Jesus, Inc. V. Hillsborough Cnty.Aviation Authority.</i>, 162 F.3d 627, 629 (11th Cir. 1998)</a>. As the Court in <i>Nat.
Ass’n of Bds of Pharmacy</i> observed: </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Article III of the Constitution limits the
jurisdiction of the federal courts to the consideration of “Cases” and
“Controversies.”… [A] case is moot when it no longer presents a live
controversy with respect to which the court can give meaningful relief. If
events that occur subsequent to the filing of a lawsuit … that deprive the
court of the ability to give the plaintiff … meaningful relief, then the case
is moot and must be dismissed. <i>Id.</i> at 1309 (citations omitted).</span></blockquote>
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Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
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The Court then determined the case was moot, and denied Protection 1's request to pursue discovery in support of its fee claim:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Once the ‘983
patent was determined to be unpatentable, the need for a declaratory judgement
of invalidity and non-infringement became a moot issue. The parties do not
disagree that a device cannot infringe a patent deemed to be unpatentable. Similarly,
there is no need for a judicial determination that the ‘983 patent is invalid,
since that very issue has been conclusively resolved in favor of the Defendant.
Once the case is moot, the Court lacks the ability to permit discovery and the
case must be dismissed. If the Defendant had desired to conduct discovery to
prove the egregious conduct alleged in their response to the Order to Show
Cause, they should not have joined in the IPR, nor should they have filed a
separate petition for IPR of all claims of the ‘983 patent on the same grounds
described in the then-pending IPR. Having chosen to invalidate the ‘983 patent
before the USPTO, they cannot now complain that they are denied the ability to avail
themselves of this federal forum</span></blockquote>
Case dismissed, but Protection 1 may file briefing on the issue of its entitlement to fees and/or costs.<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>MD Security Solutions, LLC v Protection 1, Inc.,</i> Case No. 6:15-CV-1968-ORL-40GJK (M.D. Fla. Sept. 26, 2017) (J. Byron)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-20802917988427857302016-11-22T09:02:00.000-05:002016-11-22T09:18:51.799-05:00They're Alive! Breathing Life Back Into Our Patent System?I wrote an <a href="http://www.tbo.com/list/news-opinion-commentary/the-death-of-american-innovation-20150720/" target="_blank">article last year in The Tampa Tribune entitled "The Death of American Innovation?"</a> discussing the impact of the America Invents Act (passed in 2011) on the validity and enforceability of patents in our country. One of the tools put in place through that Act is the ability to challenge (and eventually kill) patents that are purportedly directed to "Covered Business Methods." <br />
<br />
The Act defined "Covered Business Methods" as methods "for performing data processing or other operations used in the practice, administration, or management of a financial product or service." As I mentioned in the article, to challenge a patent using this system, a challenger must pay the Patent Office a significant filing fee (currently $30,000). <br />
<br />
When asked to review a patent under this "Covered Business Method" review system, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) was first tasked with determining whether or not a patent was directed to a "Covered Business Method." Instead of relying just on the language above, the PTAB instead focused on whether the claimed invention was directed to activities "that are financial in nature, incidental to a financial activity, or complementary to a financial activity." Such a standard is significantly broader, and obviously swallowed up significantly more patents than just those directed only to data processing or the like in the practice, administration, or management of a financial product itself.<br />
<br />
Yesterday, the Federal Circuit (hopefully) put an end to this overreaching by the PTAB. Using an example I've used myself, the Federal Circuit explained the fallacy of such overbreadth:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The patent for a novel lightbulb that is found to work particularly well in bank vault does not become a CBM patent because of its incidental or complementary use in banks. Likewise, it cannot be the case that a patent covering a method and corresponding apparatuses becomes a CBM patent because its practice could involve a potential sale of a good or service. All patents, at some level, relate to potential sale of a good or service. Take, for example, a patent for an apparatus for digging ditches. Does the sale of the dirt that results from use of the ditch digger render the patent a CBM patent? No, because the claims of the ditch-digging method or apparatus are not directed to "performing data processing or other operations" or "used in the practice, administration, or management of a financial product or service," as required b y the statute.</blockquote>
<br />
The PTAB's reliance on its "incidental to" or "complementary to" a financial activity standard was not proper under the law, and is no more. This is certainly a victory to those patent owners facing CBM Petitions and appealing recent adverse rulings from the PTAB. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/15-1812.Opinion.11-17-2016.1.PDF" target="_blank">Unwired Planet, LLC v. Google, Inc., Case No 2015-1812, (Fed. Cir. Nov. 21, 2016)</a><br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-9571090764935150932016-03-28T16:18:00.000-04:002016-03-29T09:54:09.210-04:00Florida's Patent Troll ActLast year, Florida (like a few other states) passed a "Patent Troll Prevention Act." Fla. Stat. 501.991 et seq. The act sought to discourage "bad faith" assertion of patent rights in Florida. The Legislature described its goal:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Patents encourage research, development, and innovation. Patent holders have a legitimate right to enforce their patents. The Legislature does not wish to interfere with good faith patent litigation or the good faith enforcement of patents. However, the Legislature recognizes a growing issue: the frivolous filing of bad faith patent claims that have led to technical, complex, and especially expensive litigation.</blockquote>
<a href="http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0500-0599/0501/Sections/0501.991.html" target="_blank">Fla. Stat. 501.991(2) (2015)</a>. The law created a number of tools patent infringement defendants (and other recipients of demand letters) could use to ward off expensive patent litigation. These tools included requiring the patent owner to post a bond of up to $250,000 to proceed with the case as well as punitive damages. But the law did not clearly define what a "bad faith assertion of patent infringement" was. This uncertainty made it difficult to enforce patent rights in Florida as the patent owner was likely subjected to the damages and bond provisions of the act.<br />
<br />
I currently serve as Chair of the Florida Bar Business Law Section's Intellectual Property Committee. One of our legislative priorities this year was to work on fixes to this law to more properly strike a balance between legitimate enforcement of patent rights and the behavior sought to be discouraged by the law. To that end, I testified in front of a number of Florida legislative committees to help with passage of fixes to the law. I am happy to report that House Bill 1181 was passed (unanimously by both Houses of Florida's Legislature) and signed into law last week by the Governor. This amended law took effect immediately and includes a number of improvements.<br />
<br />
First, there is no longer a bond component, meaning a patent owner will not be subjected to litigating whether or not it should post a bond of up to $250,000 simply to ask a court to resolve its patent infringement claim. <br />
<br />
Second, the act specifically defines what a patent owner can do to make sure its demand is not a "bad faith" assertion of patent rights. For a demand letter (which includes an email) to be a "bad faith assertion of patent infringement" it must:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Include a claim that the target (i.e. the recipient of the letter) has infringed a patent and is liable for the infringement; and</li>
<li>Meet one or more of the following criteria:</li>
<ol>
<li>It falsely claims that a lawsuit has been filed; or</li>
<li>It asserts an "objectively baseless" claim because:</li>
<ol>
<li>The sender doesn't have a right to assert the patent;</li>
<li>The patent has been held invalid in a final judgment or administrative order; or</li>
<li>The alleged infringement took place after the patent expired.</li>
</ol>
<li>It is likely to materially mislead because it does not contain enough information to determine:</li>
<ol>
<li>The identity of the person asserting the patent;</li>
<li>Which patent is alleged to be infringed; and</li>
<li>At least one allegedly infringing product or service.</li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<br />
Fla. Stat. 501.993 (2016). <br />
<br />
Third, the act makes clear that it does not interfere with a party's ability to license its patents, by specifically indicating that the act does not prohibit:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Notifying other parties of a person's ownership or rights under a patent</li>
<li>Offering the patent to others for license or sale</li>
<li>Notifying someone that they infringe the patent; or</li>
<li>Seeking compensation for infringement of the patent</li>
</ol>
<br />
Fla. Stat. 501.991(4) (2016).<br />
<br />
Fourth, the act revises the criteria for punitive damages in an effort to focus the act on the nefarious behavior sought to be discouraged. Now, to pursue punitive damages, the violator must be a repeated violator of the law. Thus, a small entity that only asserts a single claim should be free from the law's restrictions.<br />
<br />
It will be interesting to see how this law continues to develop in Florida and throughout the country.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://laws.flrules.org/2016/101" target="_blank">Fla. Chapter 2016-101.</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-56895953098937548562016-02-18T15:57:00.000-05:002016-02-18T15:57:26.223-05:00Uber in Gainesville? Not So Fast...This will be my first post on a case from outside the Middle District of Florida, but instead comes from the Northern District. I'll let the Judge provide the intro:<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="s1">You live in Gainesville and need to book a party bus, or perhaps a non-party bus or a limo to take a number of people to an event. You run a Google search for “Gainesville party bus” and, not satisfied with any of the offerings on page one of the results, turn to page two. There is a listing there for “Uber Promotions.” Thinking that perhaps this is somehow affiliated with Uber, a nationally known taxi-like service that has recently come to town, you click on the link. You are taken to a webpage with a bright green and purple “über PROMOTIONS” logo. The crux of this trademark infringement case is (roughly speaking) whether you could reasonably conclude that Uber Promotions and Uber the taxi- like service are in some way connected. </span></blockquote>
</div>
<div>
This case pits a Gainesville, Florida company (Uber Promotions, Inc.) ("Promotions") against the nationally known Uber Technologies, Inc. ("Tech"), an on-demand car service. Tech began in a few cities, but has exponentially expanded over the last few years. Tech's first foray into Florida was in Tampa [ed - thus the Middle District of Florida connection!] during the Republican National Convention in 2012. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Promotions has been operating in Gainesville since 2006. Concerned that the junior user (Tech) was encroaching into its space in Gainesville, Promotions filed suit seeking a preliminary injunction to prevent Tech from operating in Gainesville. This is an interesting case for showing a senior user relying on common law rights in a particular geographic area to fend off or stop a junior user relying on federal trademark rights (and the respective zones of natural expansion of the two rights holders). The Court described the respective sizes of the companies in colorful language:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Elephants don't look out for gerbils when they plow through the bush.</blockquote>
<div>
Apparently Tech has unveiled a new service, called UberEVENTS, that allows you to purchase a ride for others that can be used at a particular time in the future. It was this new service that the Court decided was preventable (at least pending trial), as a broader injunction seeking to stop Uber altogether in Gainesville was too broad. Again, the Court used useful prose:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Arming Squirrels with Bazookas</blockquote>
<div>
The Court addressed the preliminary injunction factors and ultimately concluded that a narrow injunction was proper to requiring Tech to:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>stop using the UBER mark (or any variant thereof) in connection with the UberEVENTS service in the Gainesville market (Alachua County) until further notice</li>
<li>not advertise the UberEVENTS service in Alachua County or cause it to be advertised in Alachua County until further notice. A posting promoting UberEVENTS placed on the Facebook wall or page of an entity with its principal place of business in Alachua County is an advertisement. A posting promoting UberEVENTS placed on the Facebook wall or page of a real person whose usual place of abode or residence is in Alachua County is an advertisement.</li>
<li>ensure that if a person attempts to book an event in Alachua County through the UberEVENTS webpage, that booking is not allowed to be completed.</li>
<li>set up a 352-area-code phone number to handle phone calls</li>
<li>make sure that internet searches for the phrase "Uber Gainesville phone" or "Uber Gainesville phone number" returns Defendant's 352-area-code number along with words clearly indicating that the results are clearly Defendants</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
(The injunction further required Tech to buy Google AdWords (or similar products) if necessarily to accomplish the injunction search result obligations.) </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I'm certain this case is far from done. Stay tuned...</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="https://goo.gl/W9ZPO2" target="_blank"><i>Uber Promotions, Inc. v. Uber Technologies, Inc.,</i> Case No. 1:15-CV-206 (N.D. Fla. Feb. 16, 2016) (J. Walker)</a></div>
Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-29964603127733851912016-02-15T07:00:00.000-05:002016-02-15T07:00:11.947-05:00Is The Relative Emphasis in Marketing Materials of the Accused Technology a Reliable Basis for Apportioning Damages?No.<br />
<br />
Omega Patents has sued CalAmp for infringement of a number of patents relating to vehicle control systems. CalAmp offered expert opinion explaining the amount of certain damages that should be at risk. Specifically, CalAmp's expert began his damages calculation by first determining profits for sales of the accused devices. But the accused devices included a number of features, only some of which are alleged to infringe the patents. So the expert attempted to allocate the amount of this profit that was attributable to the patented features. The Court described this allocation methodology:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here, Dr. McDuff analyzed two of CalAmp's marketing brochures to conduct a word count of certain key words and phrases. He describes the methodology as follows: "Next, I apportion to the contribution of the accused functionality as alleged to be commercialized within [the accused products]. I utilize the relative marketing emphasis of various phrases relating to the contributions of the accused data bus and vehicle tracker functionalities." Explained more simply, Dr. McDuff counted the total words in certain sections of the marketing brochures and then selected certain words which related to the accused patents. He then counted the number of chosen words and calculated the proportion of these words to all words to assign a value to solely the patented features in the Accused Devices.</blockquote>
Needless to say, Omega objected to this novel approach. And the Court did not allow it:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Neither Dr. McDuff nor CalAmp has been able to point the Court to this type of methodology being accepted by or even utilized by other courts or experts in this field. Dr. McDuff himself acknowledged that there was no way to calculate an error rate using this methodology. </blockquote>
The Court went on to exclude this testimony as unreliable.<br />
<br />
The decision also provides interesting analysis on attempts to use expert reports and testimony to alter or adjust claim construction positions after <i>Markman </i>determinations. For example, CalAmp's invalidity opinion analyzed fifteen references as supporting its invalidity positions. But the report also included the following:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In addition to the references discussed above, I also considered a number of additional prior art references that also disclosed the elements claimed by Omega's patents. For reasons of brevity, they were not included in the detailed discussion which follows. However, it is my opinion that these references also disclose all of the elements of each asserted claim of the Omega patents, and could be used alone, in combination with themselves, or in combination with references disclosed above to show additional reasons why the asserted Omega patents are not valid in view of the prior art.</blockquote>
Omega asked to exclude these additional opinions. The Court obliged:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Court finds the violation of Rule 26, as it pertains to the ten prior art references identified in Mr. Andrews' report, to have resulted in substantial prejudice to Omega such that the only proper remedy at this late date is the exclusion of Exhibits 24 through 33 along with the testimony relating to how the prior art references relate to Mr. Andrews' opinions.</blockquote>
Motion to Exclude Expert Testimony, Granted in Part and Denied in Part. Motion to Exclude Damages Testimony, Granted.<br />
<br />
<i>Omega Patents, LLC v. Calamp Corp.,</i> Case No. 6:13-CV-1950 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 23, 2015) (J. Byron)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-51815016279657118782016-02-04T09:40:00.000-05:002016-02-04T09:40:04.386-05:00Does a Patent Plaintiff's Unsuccessful Belief That It Can Enforce A Patent Render A Case Exception?No.<br />
<br />
Sweepstakes Patent Company ("SPC") acquired a license to use <a href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5569082" target="_blank">U.S. Patent 5,569,082</a> in certain fields. SPC later sued a number of defendants for infringement. But the license agreement provided:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
[Patent Owner - not SPC the licensee] shall, in its absolute discretion, instittute or not institute proceedings or defend or not defend proceedings ... as [it] shall deem fit, provided, however, where [Patent Owner] decides not to institute or defend any proceedings, it shall advise [SPC] of same and in such circumstance, [SPC] shall have the right at its own cost and expense, to institute or defend such proceeding. ...</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
* * * </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Subject to the foregoing, neither the Licensee nor any sublicensee shall under any circumstances whatsoever, institute or respond to ay claim or legal proceeding of any third party relating to the Inventions or any of the Patents without first obtaining the prior written consent of the [Patent Owner] </blockquote>
SPC did not receive Patent Owner's written permission to file the lawsuit, and thus did not have standing to assert a patent infringement claim. The Court dismissed the claim on that ground. Defendants also pursued a motion to sanction SPC on this theory. That sanction motion was denied, as the Court found that SPC made "colorable arguments" on the issue.<br />
<br />
Defendants (after appellate confirmation of the dismissal) attempted to recover their fees by asking the Court to find the case exceptional pursuant to 35 U.S.C. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">§ </span>285. The Court presented the law:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="s1">A district court may award attorney’s fees pursuant to § 285 of the Patent Act. <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/35/285" target="_blank">35 U.S.C. § 285</a>; <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=134+S.Ct+1749&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=12328307225070162310&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Octane Fitness, LLC v. ICON Health & Fitness, Inc.,</i> 134 S.Ct 1749, 1753 (2014)</a>. According to that provision, “[t]he court in exceptional cases may award reasonable attorney’s fees to the prevailing party.” <i>Id</i>. The Supreme Court’s holding in <i>Octane Fitness</i> makes clear that § 285 imposes only one restriction on the imposition of attorney’s fees: “that the power is reserved for exceptional cases.” <i>Octane Fitness</i>, 134 S.Ct at 1756. The Supreme Court clarified that “exceptional” is defined according to its ordinary meaning, as one that “stands out from others with respect to the substantive strength of a party’s litigating position . . . , or the unreasonable manner in which the case was litigated.” <i>Id</i>. The court may, in the exercise of its discretion, consider the totality of the circumstances and make a case-by-case determination. <i>Id</i>. District courts may look to a “nonexclusive” set of factors, including “frivolousness, motivation, objective unreasonableness . . . or the unreasonable manner in which the case was litigated. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=58+F.+Supp.+3d+1313&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=10189962520757383115&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>NXP B.V. v. Blackberry, Ltd.,</i> 58 F. Supp. 3d 1313, 1317 (M.D. Fla. 2014)</a>. The party moving for an award of attorney’s fees must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that the case is “exceptional.” <i>Id</i>. A case is not exceptional merely because a party has a good faith belief that there is standing to sue but is ultimately incorrect. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=Clouding+IP,+LLC+v.+EMC+Corp.,&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=13316897185914513444&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Clouding IP, LLC v. EMC Corp.,</i> No. 13-1355-LPS, 2015 WL 5766872, at *2 (D. Del. Sept. 30, 2015)</a>. The focus is the “substantive strength of the party’s litigating position . . . , not the correctness or eventual success of that position.” <i>See</i> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=793+F.3d+1344&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=9295970910734580471&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>SFA Sys., LLC v. Newegg, Inc</i>., 793 F.3d 1344, 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2015)</a>. </span></blockquote>
The Court then analyzed (and rejected) Defendants' arguments that SPC's claims were so weak as to warrant an exceptional case finding:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The undersigned Judge agrees with the Magistrate Judge that <i>Clouding IP</i> stands for the proposition that an ultimately unsuccessful belief as to standing that is brought in good faith does not render a case exceptional. In the present case, the Court has not found that SPC had any improper motivations other than a good faith, but ultimately incorrect, argument that it had standing based on its interpretation of the License Agreement.</blockquote>
Renewed Motion for Attorneys' Fees, denied.<br />
<br />
<i>Sweepstakes Patent Co. v. Chase Burns</i>, Case No. 6:14-cv-151 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 2, 2016) (J. Conway) Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-50716580468746966782016-01-11T08:00:00.000-05:002016-01-11T08:00:08.953-05:00Must A Copyright Holder Attach The Deposit Copy To Its Complaint?No. Rule 8 (i.e. notice pleading) is alive and well in the copyright context.<br />
<br />
PK Studios, Inc. provided architectural drawings for homes to Stock Development, LLC in connection with development in two communities. PK provided a release to Stock allowing it to use the architectural drawings for the two communities and for any other projects developed solely by Stock. <br />
<br />
Ten years later (in 2014), PK discovered another community being developed by other parties which PK claims are "exact duplicates" of the drawings it had provided to Stock a decade earlier. PK notified the developers of this new community, who responded that they received a license from Stock. But PK states that Stock was not authorized to provide such a license. So PK sued all sets of developers.<br />
<br />
The developers of the new community sought dismissal on the pleadings, arguing that PK did not sufficiently identify the work because it did not attach the copy of the drawings it had submitted to the Copyright Office. According to the defendants, this did not provide sufficient notice to them in order to frame a response. The Court did not agree:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
While the Court agrees with Defendants that PK Studios
cannot ultimately prevail on this count without providing the specific
materials alleged to have been copied so that they can be compared to the
Eagles Landing designs, PK Studios was under no obligation to do so at the
pleading stage, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=69+F.3d+1539&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=4833275287751901459&scilh=0" target="_blank">In re Southeast Banking Corp., 69 F.3d 1539, 1551 (11th Cir.1995)</a> (Rule 8 does not “impose upon plaintiffs the burden to plead with the
greatest specificity they can”), and Defendants will be able to obtain this information
during discovery</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Motion to dismiss (or for a more definite statement), denied.<br />
<br />
<i>PK Studios, Inc. v. R.L.R. Investments, LLC,</i> Case No. 2:15-cv-389 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 4, 2016) (J. Steele)Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-57649548951979768452016-01-04T07:30:00.000-05:002016-01-04T07:30:14.750-05:00Is Making a Song Available Via the Internet An Act of Copyright Infringement?No, not really. But it can survive the pleadings.<br />
<br />
A number of Record Companies asserted their rights against a number of Accused Infringers. The rights at issue relate to a number of sound recordings, 25 of which were recorded before 1972, and 600 or so recorded afterwards. In late 2012 the Record Companies notified the Accused Infringers that "there were hundreds of links to Internet videos posted" by the Accused Infringers which allegedly contained material protected by the Record Companies' copyrights. <br />
<br />
The attempts to resolve the disputes prior to litigation did not work, so the Accused Infringers sued the Record Companies. The Record Companies asserted counterclaims for copyright infringement. The Accused Infringers sought dismissal on a number of grounds:<br />
<br />
<u>Public Performance</u><br />
The Accused Infringers argued that there could not be any violation of a right to "public performance" because the "public performance" limitation only applied to musical works, not the audiovisual works that were at issue. The Court was not persuaded:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Initially, the Court is not persuaded that the definition of “digital audio transmission” definition set forth in § 114(j) (5) is applicable to an infringement analysis under § 106(6) because the Act cautions that the terms the § 114(j) definitions are only for use in § 114. <i>See </i><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/114" target="_blank">17 U.S.C. § 114</a>(j) ("As used <i>in this section</i>, the following terms have the following meanings....”); <i>see also</i>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=490+U.S.+730&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=3326238332286533012&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Creative Non-Violence v. Reid</i>, 490 U.S. 730, 748 n. 14 (1989)</a> (noting that courts must strictly adhere to the language and structure of the Copyright Act); <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=464+U.S.+at+432&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=5876335373788447272&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Sony Corp. of Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc.,</i> 464 U.S. 417, 432 (1984) </a>(requiring circumspection when construing the Copyright Act and adherence to the Act's concern for the general public good).</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Further, applying the § 114(j)(5) definition in the manner urged by Amway is contrary to the admonition in § 103(a) that “copyright protection in preexisting material is not affected by use of such material in a “work that is based upon one or more preexisting work” such as a sound recording. <i>See id</i>. § 101 (defining “derivative works”). Indeed, copyrights in a preexisting work are “completely independent of” an audiovisual work that incorporates the preexisting work.” <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=439+F.+Supp.+2d+872&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=9776026726069299556&scilh=0" target="_blank">Traicoff v. Digital Media, Inc</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=439+F.+Supp.+2d+872&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=9776026726069299556&scilh=0" target="_blank">., 439 F. Supp. 2d 872, 883 (S.D. Ind. 2006)</a> (noting that “the copyright of an independent and preexisting sound recording” cannot be invalidated by “incorporating” the sound recording “into an audiovisual work”). </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here, the Registered Recordings are “preexisting material” that must be distinguished from any audiovisual works in which they are incorporated—including the Accused Videos. <i>Stewart</i>, 495 U.S. at 216–17 (rejecting argument that Court should “read into the Copyright Act a limitation on the statutorily created rights of the owner of an underlying work”). Accordingly, the Court rejects Amways' argument that—based on § 114(j)(5)—the Record Companies' “public performance” claim under § 106(6) fails as a matter of law.</blockquote>
<br />
<u>Making the Work Available</u><br />
Is "making the work available" a violation under the Copyright Act? Technically, no. But the Court did not need to dismiss this portion of the claim on pleading grounds, as there is still liability under the vicarious liability theories:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Although the Court agrees that the Act does not confer a “making available” copyright under § 106, the Court does not agree that relief is warranted under Rule 12(b)(6). Notably, the act of making a copyrighted work available for the use of a direct infringer is relevant to the Record Companies' indirect infringement claims against Amway. <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=554+F.Supp.2d+976&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=17322855998955350502&scilh=0" target="_blank">Atlantic Recording Corp. v. Howell</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=554+F.Supp.2d+976&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=17322855998955350502&scilh=0" target="_blank">, 554 F.Supp.2d 976, 983 (D. Az. 2008)</a>; <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=579+F.+Supp.+2d+1210&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=16274557975949529924&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Capitol Records, Inc. v. Thomas</i>, 579 F. Supp. 2d 1210, 1225 (D. Minn. 2008)</a> (stating that although dissemination needs to be proven to meet the distribution standard in the act, the proof need not be direct and can come from circumstantial evidence). Thus, the Motion is due to be denied with respect to Amway's “making available” argument. <i>See Warner Bros. Records, Inc. v. Payne</i>, 2006 WL 2844415, *2 (W.D. Tx. 2006) (declining, at the pleading stage, to reject “making available” theory a possible ground for imposing liability).</blockquote>
<u>Public Performance Under Florida Common Law</u><br />
Like the "making available" issue above, the Court noted that Florida common law did not recognize a cause of action for public performance right with respect to a sound recording, but determined it was not necessary to dismiss such claim on the pleadings. <br />
<br />
<u>Unidentified Parties - Does 1-20</u><br />
The Accused Infringers last sought dismissal of the 20 parties identified only as Does 1-20. The Court did not find this necessary:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In a footnote, the Amway Interests argue that the Court should dismiss Does 1 through 20 because fictitious party pleading is disallowed in federal courts. (See Doc. 113, p. 1 n.1.) Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 10(a) requires that the title of a complaint include the names of “all the parties,” and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit discourages fictitious party pleading as a practice that is contrary to the public's right in open judicial proceedings. <i>See</i> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=253+F.3d+678&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=3448481070801590351&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Roe v. Aware Woman Center for Choice, Inc</i>., 253 F.3d 678, 684–85 (11th Cir. 2001)</a>. Nonetheless, reference to a fictitious party may be permitted if it is mere “surplusage” (<i>see <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=598+F.3d+734&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=14675414048821268529&scilh=0" target="_blank">Richardson v. Johnson</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=598+F.3d+734&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=14675414048821268529&scilh=0" target="_blank">, 598 F.3d 734, 738 (11th Cir. 2010)</a>), or the fictitious party will be identified through discovery (<i>see <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=642+F.+Supp.+2d+1354&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=2177577856363881104&scilh=0" target="_blank">Tracfone Wireless, Inc. v. Access Telecom, Inc.,</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=642+F.+Supp.+2d+1354&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=2177577856363881104&scilh=0" target="_blank"> 642 F. Supp. 2d 1354 (S.D. Fla. 2009)</a>). </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Here, the Does 1 through 20 are effectively identified for pleading purposes based on the Record Companies' identification in Tables 1 through 4 of specific creators and uploaders of the Accused Videos. Identification of the Doe Defendants is further discerned based on the IBOs named as Defendants in the 2045, 1511, and 776 Actions. Thus, under the unique circumstances presented here, the Court does not find it necessary to strike Does 1 through 20 under Rule 12(f) or to dismiss any claims based on Rule 10(a). <i>See <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=792+F.3d+1313&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=11259818052475191937&scilh=0" target="_blank">Weiland v. Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office</a></i><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=792+F.3d+1313&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=11259818052475191937&scilh=0" target="_blank">, 792 F.3d 1313, 1318, n.4 (11th Cir. 2015)</a> (noting that the court had simply ignored the improperly named fictitious parties).</blockquote>
<br />
Motion to dismiss counterclaims, denied.<br />
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=Alticor,+Inc.+v.+UMG+Recordings&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=18176130562485913566&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Alticor, Inc. v. UMG Recordings, Inc.</i>, Case No. 6:14-CV-542 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 11, 2015)</a> (J. Dalton)<br />
<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4279235572253593850.post-78361558461924624682015-12-30T07:30:00.000-05:002015-12-30T07:30:20.504-05:00Where Does Trademark Infringement Tort Occur For Venue Purposes?Where the trademark owner resides, at least under Florida's long-arm statute:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Under Florida's long-arm statute, Defendant is subject to personal jurisdiction where it commits a “tortious act within th[e district].” <a href="http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0000-0099/0048/Sections/0048.193.html" target="_blank">§ 48.193(1)(a)(2), Fla. Stat</a>. Trademark infringement is considered a tortious act under Florida's long-arm statute, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=6:14-cv-947-Orl-41TBS&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=10505405234820182332&scilh=0" target="_blank"><i>Mighty Men of God, Inc. v. World Outreach Church of Murfreesboro Tenn., Inc</i>., 6:14-cv-947-Orl-41TBS, 2015 WL 1534446, at 3 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 6, 2015)</a>, and is deemed to take place where the trademark owner resides, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?q=118+F.+Supp.+2d+1223&hl=en&as_sdt=40006&case=4184995951385813565&scilh=0" target="_blank">Nida Corp. v. Nida, 118 F. Supp. 2d 1223, 1228 (M.D. Fla. 2000)</a>. Because the true owner of the trademark and trade dress at issue is disputed among the parties, Plaintiff is credited as the trademark holder for the purposes of determining venue. Because Plaintiff resides in the Middle District, the tortious act of trademark infringement is deemed to have occurred here. Thus the Middle District has personal jurisdiction over Defendant under Florida’s long-arm statute.</blockquote>
Motion to dismiss or transfer, denied.<br />
<i>Tile World Corp. v. Miavana & Family, Inc.</i>, Case No. 6:15-CV-919 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 2, 2015) (J. Antoon)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Woodrow Pollackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05412858981270604861noreply@blogger.com0